Electrical cables, equipment, plant and machinery all have the
ability to shock, injure and even kill personnel. Even non-fatal shocks
can cause permanent injuries. For example, shocks from faulty
equipment could lead to falls from scaffolding, ladders or work
platforms. Electricity can also cause significant damage to
property (e.g. fires). This is why every precaution must be taken to
ensure Electrical Safety.
These are some of the possible risks to our people and our business
if you do not follow the correct Electrical Safety procedures:
Fatality or Serious Injury
- Lost
time due to electrical burn injuries or interruptions to cardiac
rhythm
- Injuries
and burns from electric shocks
- Damage
to property and equipment from power surges
- Fires
from faulty electrical equipment
- Explosions
from electrical sources
- Lightning
strikes
- Reduced
productivity
Risks must be assessed and identified at every decision making level in
the organisation to ensure that appropriate controls are implemented to
prevent Class One Personal Damage
HARD
CONTROLS: ELIMINATE/SUBSTITUTE/ENGINEER/SEGREGATE
- Work
on live electrical systems, installations and equipment must not be
undertaken, except where deemed necessary by a competent and
authorised person for the purposes of fault finding,
testing/commissioning work or where the electrical supply cannot be
interrupted.
- Every
effort must be made to eliminate the risk associated with electricity
by relocating the service/s and where this is not practicable by
de-energising (isolating) the service/s.
- All
electrical installations (panels, cabling, outlets, switches, lights
etc.), generators, fixed or portable electrical plant and any other
electrical appliances must be purchased and installed to company
specification.
General requirements for electrical installations
and equipment:
- Electrical
equipment shall have correct safety guarding and protective
devices in place (e.g. RCD’s/ELCB’s, earthing, weatherproof
materials, cover plates etc.).
- RCD/ELCB
protection must be provided and functional for all electrical
distribution installations, generators and portable panels.
- All
electrical supply points shall be provided with a means of
effective isolation and lock out.
- Electrical
substations, distribution boards and panels must be weatherproof
and secure against interference or unauthorised operation.
- All
temporary distribution boards must be externally grounded
and adequately secured in position.
- Portable
electrical tools shall be double insulated.
- Precautions
must be put in place to ensure there are no electrical sources
of ignition in flammable atmospheres caused by the presence of
flammable liquids and vapours (i.e. use of intrinsically safe
equipment in high risk locations).
- Electrostatic
earthing must be provided for all situations where sparking may
present a hazard, orfor (e.g. explosives magazines), or steel &
tall structures which may be subject to a lightning strike
(e.g. Radio towers, steel sheds etc.).
- Eliminate
the need for overhead cables wherever possible, especially over
travel ways.
- All
underground and overhead cables must be located or arranged so they
are not in the way of activities on site (i.e.
redirected, buried, raised above ground).
- Where
cables are buried they should be at a safe depth (at least 0.5 m
below final ground level).
- Underground
cables must be adequately protected and insulated (cover tiles,
compacted sand/indicator material, PVC/conduit, etc.) and their
routes surveyed, clearly marked on site (marker posts) with site
service plans updated.
- All
cables must be suitable for the duty and expected load.
- Cables
must be sufficiently insulated, sheathed or armoured.
- Socket
outlets for distribution cables should be located as close to the
working point as possible to prevent the need for long trailing
wires.
- Power
and lighting circuits should always be kept separate.
- Always
look for opportunities to reduce trip hazards by having hanging cable
at work stations.
- All
temporary electrical leads will be secured off the ground by
insulated hooks and/or lead stands.
- Joints
in cables should be avoided wherever possible. Where unavoidable,
they should only be made in purpose-built housing.
SOFT
CONTROLS: DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT CONTROLS ADMINISTRATION/BEHAVIOUR/PPE
Competency
- Electrical work and supervision of electrical work must only be
carried out by competent licensed electrical workers (e.g. installing,
repairing, testing, tagging of equipment).
- All electrical workers shall have the appropriate governmental
licenses and certifications in place.
- All electrical workers
shall be trained in expired air resuscitation and cardiac pulmonary
resuscitation (CPR), the work permit system, isolation procedures and specific
site procedures.
- All electrical workers shall undergo specific medical check-ups
in line with regulations and licensing requirements.
Procedures
- Standard Operating Procedures and/or JSEA’s shall be in place
for all activities involving Electrical Safety.
- Before work always identify potential risk.
- Electrical equipment must be locked out and isolated and the
LOTO procedure verified by a competent person before any repairs or
maintenance.
- A test for dead (not live) must be completed: prior to, or
recommencing work on any electrical equipment; following any time away from the
work; or, following changed conditions.
- All exposed electrical parts and conductors, including earthing
conductors, must be treated as live until proven otherwise.
- A Permit to Work shall be required to work adjacent to, or under
or near overhead power lines, or if performing high voltage work and switching.
- Excavation and penetration permits shall include requirement for
verification of electrical services.
- All services must be
accurately located by a designated competent persons using the relevant
services drawings and the location verified by a secondary means such as (but
not limited to): electronic detection of
horizontal and vertical location, ground
penetrating radar, non-destructive potholing.
- When working near live Overhead Line Equipment (OHLE) or live
electrical parts, regulated safe working distances/exclusion zones must be
maintained.
Signage, demarcation, labelling and other administration
- Site services plans, schematics, distribution diagrams and other
appropriate records shall be kept for all electrical installations and updated
when alterations are made.
- The location and type of all electrical installations and
services must be visibly marked and identified in compliance with statutory
requirements, for example, via: Signage; Markers; and/or Line marking,
including on walls, floors and ceilings
- Height markers, signs, sacrifice cables, floating markers etc.
must be installed/provided for vehicle crossings under overhead power lines.
- Floor and wall demarcation shall be in place to prevent
obstruction to main DB’s and panels.
- All electrical panels, enclosures, control centres, substations,
electrical circuits, breakers and equipment must be provided with statutory
signage, equipment/ location identification numbers, and wiring diagrams kept
on file.
- Isolation points for electrical equipment and power outlets
shall be clearly labelled.
- All distribution boards/panels shall have circuit breakers
labelled and listed on a location map/diagram placed in the panel door or
nearby for easy reference when fault finding or isolating circuits.
- All outlets and switches shall be labelled to correlate to distribution
panels and where required specific voltage indicated (e.g. 110V in some special
circumstances).
Inspections, Testing
& Tagging
- Power generation sets (Gensets) and other temporary power supply
at all sites must be inspected every three months by a competent person with
records kept of inspections.
- All RCD’s shall be tested every three months with records kept
of testing (amperage and trip out time).
- For portable RCD’s push button tests shall be done prior to use
and recorded every three months.
- Earth continuity of all
circuits, apparatus and where required earth grounding for structures must be
tested and results recorded (resistance levels).
- Portable electric tools and extension cables must be inspected
and tagged every three months by a competent person in compliance with colour
coding requirements.
Behaviours
- Never overload power outlets or extension cables/cords.
- Always check electrical tools and extension cables for damage
before use.
- Never use or try to fix equipment or tools with visible signs of
damage, without tags or that are not working.
- Any faulty electrical equipment or equipment without a tag must
be taken out of service and labelled with an ‘out of service’ tag and reported
to a supervisor.
- No person shall use or operate a piece of portable electrical
equipment if it shows visible signs of being unsafe due to damage, or if it
does not have a valid inspection tag.
- Keep electrical appliances away from water or moisture.
- Always wear the correct PPE when doing electrical work. Provide
insulated footwear and gloves where required.
Special requirements for
Lightning Safety
Electrocution from
lightning strikes is known to have claimed many lives in industry. Special
precautions must be taken to reduce chances of workers being struck by
lightning: All projects where lightning
strikes are likely to pose a risk to the work force, shall have in place
procedures and controls to manage this risk as best as reasonably practicable:
- Provide adequate lightning protection to structures (grounding
& earthing).
- Make use of weather data and warning and alarms systems to
anticipate heightened electrical storm activity.
- During heightened electrical storms always seek shelter in an
enclosed building or vehicle and keep away from high ground.
- Crane operators to be stood down during electrical storm
activity and instructed to remain in cabin until threat has passed.
- Mobile equipment operators to park away from high ground (e.g.
away from dumps) and remain in cabins. Never exit a cabin or hide under
equipment during electrical storms.
- If caught out in the open keep in a low crouched position away
from other people or tall objects (e.g. keep away from trees).
Semoga Bermanfaat & Terima Kasih
Andry Kurniawan Amd SKM (MKKK) "Coming together is a beginning, Keeping together is progress., Working together is success“ Safety not only about knowledge and how to manage risk it’s about needed because safety is everybody business", More information : Andryzsafe@yahoo.com/Andryzsafety@gmail.com/andry.kurniawan@halliburton.com
CP : (+62)81219662291
Tidak dilarang untuk mengcopy dan menyebarkan artikel pada situs ini dengan menyebutkan URL sumbernya. budayakan menulis karya ilmiah tanpa plagiarisme
